Abbreviations		
T1 = Assessment before course start		
T2 = Assessment directly after course end		
ReST = Restoration skills training, a five-week mindfulness-based training course adapted to be given in and draw on a natural setting rich in restorative qualities		
CMT = Conventional mindfulness training, a five-week mindfulness-based training course given indoors and using conventional mindfulness exercises		
"FFMQ = Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, 29 item version (see Baer et al. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1); Lilja et al. (2011). Five Facets Mindfulness QuestionnaireReliability and factor structure: A Swedish version. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 40(4))"		
CFQ = Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (see Broadbent et al. (1982). The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21(1))		
PSS = Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4))		
PP = Per-protocol sample, comprising only study completers who provided valid data both before and directly after the course		
ITT = Intention-to-treat sample, comprising all randomized course participants (Course type = 0 OR 1) who provided valid data before the course start. Missing data from the assessment directly after the course were replaced using Expectation Maximization imputation. For passive control (Course type = -1), however, missing values were not replaced. 		
"RCI = Reliable change index (calculated as per Jacobson & Truax (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59(1); Wise (2004). Methods for analyzing psychotherapy outcomes: A review of clinical significance, reliable change, and recommendations for future directions. Journal of Personality Assessment, 82(1)"		
		
Study description		
"The following is the abstract from Lymeus, F., Ahrling, M., Apelman, J., Florin, C. de M., Nilsson, C., Vincenti, J., Zetterberg, A., Lindberg, P., & Hartig, T. (under review). Mindfulness-based restoration skills training (ReST) in a natural setting compared to conventional mindfulness training: Psychological functioning after a five-week course. Currently (June 2020) Pending publication in Frontiers in Psychology: ""Restoration skills training (ReST) is a mindfulness-based course that draws on restorative nature experience to facilitate the meditation practice and teach widely applicable adaptation skills. Previous studies comparing ReST to conventional mindfulness training (CMT) showed that ReST has important advantages: it supports beginning meditators in connecting with restorative environmental qualities and in meditating with less effort; it restores their attention regulation capabilities; and it helps them complete the course and establish a regular meditation habit. However, mindfulness theory indicates that effortful training may be necessary to achieve generalized improvements in psychological functioning. Therefore, this study tests whether the less effortful and more acceptable ReST approach is attended by any meaningful disadvantage compared to CMT in terms of its effects on central aspects psychological functioning. We analyze data from four rounds of development of the ReST course, in each of which we compared it to a parallel and formally matched CMT course. Randomly assigned participants (total course starters = 152) provided ratings of dispositional mindfulness, cognitive functioning, and chronic stress before and after the five-week ReST and CMT courses. Round 4 also included a separately recruited passive control condition. ReST and CMT were attended by similar average improvements in the three outcomes, although the effects on chronic stress were inconsistent. Moderate to large improvements in the three outcomes could also be affirmed in contrasts with the passive controls. Using a reliable change index, we saw that over one third of the ReST and CMT participants enjoyed reliably improved psychological functioning. The risk of experiencing deteriorated functioning was no greater with either ReST or CMT than for passive control group participants. None of the contrasts exceeded our stringent criterion for inferiority of ReST compared with CMT. We conclude that ReST is a promising alternative for otherwise healthy people with stress or concentration problems who would be less likely to complete more effortful CMT. By adapting the meditation practices to draw on restorative setting characteristics, ReST can mitigate the demands otherwise incurred in early stages of mindfulness training without compromising the acquisition of widely applicable mindfulness skills."""		
		
		
Variable name	Variable description	Values
Identifier	Anonymization code	Position 1 = Round, Positions 2 - 3 = participant ID
Round	Data collection round 1 - 4	
Course_Type	ReST, CMT, passive control	"[-1, Control; 0, CMT; 1, ReST}"
Dropout	Completed course vs dropped out	"{0, Dropout; 1, Study completer}"
T2_Posttest	Completed valid T2 posttest	"{0, Absent or invalid T2 posttest data; 1, Valid T2 posttest data}"
Gender	Female vs male	"{0, man; 1, woman}"
Age	Age in years at enrollment	
T1_FFMQ_Average	Before course, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, average rating	
T1_CFQ_Average	Before course, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, average rating	
T1_PSS_Average	Before course, Perceived Stress Scale, average rating	
T2_FFMQ_Average_PP	After course, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, average rating, PP data	
T2_CFQ_Average_PP	After course, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, average rating, PP data	
T2_PSS_Average_PP	After course, Perceived Stress Scale, average rating, PP data	
T2_FFMQ_Average_ITT	After course, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, average rating with Expectation Maximization imputation of missing values	
T2_CFQ_Average_ITT	After course, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, average rating with Expectation Maximization imputation of missing values	
T2_PSS_Average_ITT	After course, Perceived Stress Scale, average rating with Expectation Maximization imputation of missing values	
T1_T2_FFMQ_change_PP	Change from T1 to T2, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, PP data (T2_FFMQ_Average_PP - T1_FFMQ_Average)	
T1_T2_CFQ_change_PP	Change from T1 to T2, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, PP data (T2_CFQ_Average_PP - T1_CFQ_Average)	
T1_T2_PSS_change_PP	Change from T1 to T2, Perceived Stress Scale, PP data (T2_PSS_Average_PP - T1_PSS_Average)	
T1_T2_FFMQ_change_ITT	Change from T1 to T2, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, ITT data (T2_FFMQ_Average_ITT - T1_FFMQ_Average)	
T1_T2_CFQ_change_ITT	Change from T1 to T2, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, ITT data (T2_CFQ_Average_ITT - T1_CFQ_Average)	
T1_T2_PSS_change_ITT	Change from T1 to T2, Perceived Stress Scale, ITT data (T2_PSS_Average_ITT - T1_PSS_Average)	
T1_T2_FFMQ_RCI_PP	Reliable Change Index classification, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, PP data	"{-1, T1_T2_FFMQ_change_PP < 0.65; 0, T1_T2_FFMQ_change_PP < 0.65, > -0.65; 1, T1_T2_FFMQ_change_PP > 0.65}"
T1_T2_CFQ_RCI_PP	Reliable Change Index classification, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, PP data	"{-1, T1_T2_CFQ_change_PP > 0.54; 0, T1_T2_CFQ_change_PP < 0.54, > -0.54; 1, T1_T2_CFQ_change_PP < -0.54}"
T1_T2_PSS_RCI_PP	Reliable Change Index classification, Perceived Stress Scale, PP data	"{-1, T1_T2_PSS_change_PP > 0.72; 0, T1_T2_PSS_change_PP < 0.72, > -0.72; 1, T1_T2_PSS_change_PP <  -0.72}"
T1_T2_Composite_RCI_PP	Reliable Change Index classification, composite of FFMQ CFQ and PSS, PP data	"{-1, T1_T2_FFMQ_RCI_PP = -1 OR T1_T2_CFQ_RCI_PP = -1 OR T1_T2_PSS_RCI_PP = -1; 0, T1_T2_FFMQ_RCI_PP = 0 AND T1_T2_CFQ_RCI_PP = 0 AND T1_T2_PSS_RCI_PP = 0; 1, T1_T2_FFMQ_RCI_PP = 1 OR T1_T2_CFQ_RCI_PP = 1 OR T1_T2_PSS_RCI_PP = 1 AND none of them = -1}"
T1_T2_FFMQ_RCI_ITT	Reliable Change Index classification, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, ITT data	"{-1, T1_T2_FFMQ_change_ITT < 0.65; 0, T1_T2_FFMQ_change_ITT < 0.65, > -0.65; 1, T1_T2_FFMQ_change_ITT > 0.65}"
T1_T2_CFQ_RCI_ITT	Reliable Change Index classification, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, ITT data	"{-1, T1_T2_CFQ_change_ITT > 0.54; 0, T1_T2_CFQ_change_ITT < 0.54, > -0.54; 1, T1_T2_CFQ_change_ITT < -0.54}"
T1_T2_PSS_RCI_ITT	Reliable Change Index classification, Perceived Stress Scale, ITT data	"{-1, T1_T2_PSS_change_ITT > 0.72; 0, T1_T2_PSS_change_ITT < 0.72, > -0.72; 1, T1_T2_PSS_change_ITT <  -0.72}"
T1_T2_Composite_RCI_ITT	Reliable Change Index classification, composite of FFMQ CFQ and PSS, ITT data	"{-1, T1_T2_FFMQ_RCI_ITT = -1 OR T1_T2_CFQ_RCI_ITT = -1 OR T1_T2_PSS_RCI_ITT = -1; 0, T1_T2_FFMQ_RCI_ITT = 0 AND T1_T2_CFQ_RCI_ITT = 0 AND T1_T2_PSS_RCI_ITT = 0; 1, T1_T2_FFMQ_RCI_ITT = 1 OR T1_T2_CFQ_RCI_ITT = 1 OR T1_T2_PSS_RCI_ITT = 1 AND none of them = -1}"
